The question of freedom has supporters and opponents. The following is a list of freedoms described in Chapter 1 followed by the description of experience in support of and opposed to freedom. This is done in an attempt to aid the reader in making a self assessment of the question of freedom in their own life through self-observation.
| Chapter 1 Conscious Human Action Summary 1-0 [0] The Question of Freedom Is the human being in their thinking and acting a spiritually free being? Is the human being compelled by the iron necessity of purely natural law? 1-1 [0] Freedom of Indifferent Choice (support) Choosing, at one's pleasure, one or other of two possible courses of action (opposed) We are always compelled by a perfectly definite reason. 1-2 [0] Freedom Of Choice Make a choice according to our own wants and preferences. Internal perception reveals we are not free to desire or not desire arbitrarily. 1-3 [0] Freedom To Act From Our Own Nature To exist and act from the pure necessity of our own nature. Our existence is our own essence and nature. Necessarily determined by external causes to exist and act in a fixed and definite manner. 1-4 [0] Freedom From External Impulses An idea given from outside is made into a motive only if it is in accord with one's character. A mental picture is made into a motive according to the necessity of our characterological disposition. 1-5 [0] Consciousness Of The Motive The one who acts out of knowledge. The knower who has been separated from the doer. 1-6 [0] Free When Controlled By Reason To determine one's life and action by purposes and deliberate decisions. A rational decision emerges in me with the same necessity with which hunger and thirst arise. 1-7 [0] Free To Do As One Wills Man is free do as he wills, but he cannot direct his will as he choses, because his willing is determined by motives. I am compelled to act on a motive because it proves to be the "strongest" of its kind. 1-8 [0] Volition That Is Unconditioned The volition is the cause of the donkey's turning round, but is itself unconditioned; it is an absolute beginning. We do not perceive the causes that determine our will, so we think it is not causally determined at all. 1-9 [0] Knowledge Of An Action Thinking activity must be recognized if we are to form a concept of knowledge about an action. An action, of which the agent does not know why he performs it, cannot be free. 1-10 [0] Action Springs From The Heart The heart, the mood of the soul (sensibility), hold sway, The heart and the mood of the soul do not create the motives. They presuppose them and let them enter. 1-11 [0] Love Of Another Love depends upon how idealistic the mental pictures are we form of the loved one. Appearance in my consciousness of a mental picture determines whether compassion is aroused. 1-12 [0] Perception Of Good Qualities Love is theirs because they have noticed and made a mental picture of the good qualities. Love makes us blind to the failings of the loved one. |