MONADISM [0] (Sagittarius)
[17] That an action, of which the agent does not know why he performs it, cannot be free, goes without saying. But what about an action for which the reasons are known? This leads us to the question of the origin and meaning of thinking. For without the recognition of the thinking activity of the soul, it is impossible to form a concept of knowledge about anything, and therefore of knowledge about an action. When we know what thinking in general means, it will be easy to get clear about the role that thinking plays in human action. As Hegel rightly says, "It is thinking that turns the soul, which the animals also possess, into spirit." Therefore it will also be thinking that gives to human action its characteristic stamp.

Topic: Knowledge Of An Action An action cannot be free if the doer does not know why they carry it out. Thinking activity must be recognized if we are to form a concept of knowledge about an action or anything else. When we know what thinking in general means, it will be easy to clarify the role that thinking plays in human action. It is thinking that gives to human action its characteristic stamp. Question: What does it mean to know something? Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge and belief. Match-up Quiz [0]

DYNAMISM [0] (Scorpio)
[18] On no account should it be said that all our action springs only from the sober deliberations of our reason. I am very far from calling human in the highest sense only those actions that proceed from abstract judgment. But as soon as our conduct rises above the sphere of the satisfaction of purely animal desires, our motives are always permeated by thoughts. Love, pity, and patriotism are driving forces for actions which cannot be analyzed away into cold concepts of the intellect. It is said that here the heart, the mood of the soul* (sensibility), hold sway. No doubt. But the heart and the mood of the soul do not create the motives. They presuppose** them and let them enter.

Topic: Action Springs From The Heart I am very far from calling only those actions "human" in the highest sense, which proceed from abstract judgment. Love, pity, and patriotism are driving forces for actions which cannot be analyzed away into cold concepts of the intellect. It is said that here the heart, the mood of the soul, hold sway. The heart, the mood of the soul* do not create the motives. They presuppose** them and let them enter. *We have no word for Gemut in English. It points more to the totality of man's inner being than "heart" does.-William Lindeman Michael Lipson prefers the word "sensibility": refined awareness and appreciation in matters of feeling. **presuppose: 1. To require as a necessary antecedent or precondition 2. To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth. Question: What does it mean for our "Gemut" to "presuppose" the motive? Match-up Quiz [0]