Naming Determinants

Submitted by Tom Last on Wed, 12/19/2007 - 11:45am.

Determinism: a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will.



I think Chapter 1 of The Philosophy of Freedom is critical in that it attempts to expose the illusion of freedom. The largest obstacle to the path to freedom may be the misconception that most have that they are already free. Science uses the word determinism to indicate those causes that determine action and deny free will.

It is not hard to identify determinants in Chapter 1 that compel human action. By naming them, becoming conscious of them, and understanding them we have a better chance to overcome them.

So I made a list of them trying to come up with names. This could be part of the study course.

 0. natural-scientific determinism

Opposed to them are others who regard it as the acme of unscientific thinking for anyone to believe that the uniformity of natural law is broken in the sphere of human action and thinking.

1. physical scientific determinism (law of causality), genetic determinism

There is always, so we are told, a perfectly definite reason why, out of several possible actions, we carry out just one and no other.

2. self determinism

freedom of choice

3. biological determinism, social determinism

But let us come down to created things which are all determined by external causes to exist and to act in a fixed and definite manner.

4. character moral determinism

even though we ourselves first adopt a mental picture as a motive, we do so not arbitrarily, but according to the necessity of our characterological disposition, that is, we are anything but free

5. conscious determinism

If there is a difference between a conscious motive of action and an unconscious urge, then the conscious motive will result in an action which must be judged differently from one that springs from blind impulse.

6. rational determinism

If without my co-operation, a rational decision emerges in me with the same necessity with which hunger and thirst arise, then I must needs obey it, and my freedom is an illusion.

7. psychological determinism

If a motive affects me, and I am compelled to act on it because it proves to be the "strongest" of its kind, then the thought of freedom ceases to have any meaning.

8. instinctual determinism

The determining causes are not visible and therefore thought to be non-existent. The volition, it is explained, is, indeed, the cause of the donkey's turning round, but is itself unconditioned; it is an absolute beginning.

9. knowing determinism

But what about an action for which the reasons are known?

10. emotional determinism

Love, pity, and patriotism are driving forces for actions which cannot be analyzed away into cold concepts of the intellect.

11. mental picture determinism

The way to the heart is through the head, Love is no exception. Whenever it is not merely the expression of bare sexual instinct, it depends on the mental picture we form of the loved one.

12. perceptual visual determinism

Many pass by these good qualities without noticing them. One, however, perceives them, and just because he does, love awakens in his soul.

 

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